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Lotta Svärd
Lotta Svärd was a Finnish voluntary auxiliary paramilitary organisation for women. Formed originally in 1918, it had a large membership undertaking volunteer social work in the 1920s and 1930s. During the Second World War, it mobilized to replace men conscripted into the army. It served in hospitals, at air raid warning positions, and other auxiliary tasks in close cooperation with the army. The women were officially unarmed except for an antiaircraft battery in 1944.〔Thomas W. Zeiler and Daniel M. DuBois, eds. ''A Companion to World War II'' (2013) 2:727〕 Virtanen argues that, their "accountability to the nation took a masculine and military form in public, but had a private, feminine side to it including features like caring, helping and loving."〔Aila Virtanen, "Accountability to the nation–The Finnish Lotta Svärd organization."〕 The organisation was suppressed by the government after the war.
==Name==
The name comes from a poem by Johan Ludvig Runeberg. Part of a large and famous book, ''The Tales of Ensign Stål'', the poem described a fictional woman named Lotta Svärd. According to the poem, a Finnish soldier, private Svärd - (スウェーデン語:svärd) means a sword - went to fight in the Finnish War and took his wife, Lotta, along with him. Private Svärd was killed in battle, but his wife remained on the battlefield, taking care of wounded soldiers. The name was first brought up by Marshal Mannerheim in a speech given on 16 May 1918.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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